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Impact of Multiple Risk Factors on Vaccination Inequities: Analysis in Indian Infants Over 2 Decades

Deepti Bettampadi1, Bradley F Carlson2, Joseph L Mathew3

  • 1Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
|November 13, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Multiple risk factors cumulatively decrease full vaccination rates in Indian infants, highlighting persistent inequities despite improvements over two decades. Understanding these combined impacts is crucial for public health strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Health Equity

Background:

  • Individual risk factors influencing infant vaccination inequity in India have been studied.
  • This research investigates the cumulative effect of multiple risk factors on achieving full vaccination status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the combined impact of multiple risk factors on the probability of full vaccination in Indian infants.
  • To assess trends in vaccination inequity over two decades.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Family Health Surveys (1997-1998, 2005-2006, 2015-2016) including over 68,000 infants.
  • Defined full vaccination based on standard immunizations (BCG, DPT, OPV, Measles).
  • Employed logistic regression to analyze associations between full vaccination and factors like sex, birth order, wealth, maternal education, residence, and religion, focusing on combined effects.

Main Results:

  • Multiple risk factors demonstrated a cumulative negative association with full infant vaccination.
  • Odds ratios for full vaccination decreased significantly with an increasing number of risk factors.
  • Despite overall improvements, significant vaccination inequities persisted across the study periods.

Conclusions:

  • The cumulative burden of multiple risk factors significantly hinders full vaccination coverage in Indian infants.
  • Addressing these interconnected social determinants is essential to reduce persistent vaccination inequities.
  • Policy interventions should consider the combined impact of risk factors for more effective vaccination programs.
Abstract

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