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Engineering bioactive surfaces on nanoparticles and their biological interactions.

Meghana Matur1, Harishkumar Madhyastha2, T S Shruthi1

  • 1Nano-Bio Interfacial Research Laboratory (NBIRL), Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka, 572103, India.

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|November 13, 2020
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Summary

Researchers engineered bioactive surfaces on gold and silver nanoparticles using natural compounds. These modified nanoparticles showed reduced toxicity and beneficial biological activities, paving the way for safer biomedical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nanoparticle integration in biomedicine necessitates surface property modulation.
  • Controlling nanoparticle-biological system interactions is key to minimizing toxicity and ensuring function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer bioactive surfaces on gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles.
  • To evaluate the interaction of these engineered nanoparticles with mouse skin fibroblasts and macrophages.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized Au and Ag nanoparticles using natural compounds (tyrosine, tryptophan, etc.) as reducing and stabilizing agents.
  • Characterized nanoparticle surface corona and evaluated biological activities.
  • Assessed cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in vitro.

Main Results:

  • Prepared nanoparticles exhibited surface corona formation.
  • Nanoparticles demonstrated free radical scavenging and enzyme activities.
  • Limited cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Developed methods for engineering nanoparticle surfaces for biological applications.
  • Bioactive surfaces on Au and Ag nanoparticles can be achieved using natural compounds.
  • Engineered nanoparticles show potential for reduced toxicity in biomedical contexts.