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Asthma prevalence, lung and cardiovascular function in adolescents born preterm

Maria Arroyas1,2, Cristina Calvo3,4,5,6, Santiago Rueda7

  • 1Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Avenida Orellana S/N. Leganes, 28911, Madrid, Spain. mariarroyas@hotmail.com.

Scientific Reports
|November 13, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Preterm adolescents born before 32 weeks require more respiratory care and have poorer heart function. Intrauterine growth restriction also negatively impacts lung function in preterm children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neonatology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Preterm birth impacts long-term respiratory and cardiac health.
  • The post-surfactant era has improved survival but long-term outcomes require study.
  • Adolescent outcomes for very preterm and moderately-late preterm infants need comparison.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate respiratory and cardiac function in adolescents born preterm.
  • To compare outcomes between very preterm (<32 weeks) and moderately-late preterm (≥32 weeks) adolescents.
  • To identify risk factors such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) for adverse outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Observational cross-sectional study design.
  • Inclusion of 148 adolescents (74 per group: very preterm vs. moderately-late preterm).
  • Assessment of respiratory symptoms, spirometry, and functional echocardiography.

Main Results:

  • Very preterm adolescents had higher rates of respiratory admissions and current asthma.
  • Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was associated with lower FEV1 and FVC.
  • Both ventricles showed impaired diastolic and global function in very preterm adolescents, with IUGR exacerbating these issues.

Conclusions:

  • Gestational age <32 weeks is an independent risk factor for current asthma in adolescence.
  • Very preterm adolescents exhibit poorer respiratory and cardiac function, including diastolic dysfunction.
  • IUGR is a significant risk factor for reduced lung function in preterm adolescents, irrespective of gestational age.

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