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Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with HIV Infection: An Update

Amish A Patel1,2, Matthew J Budoff3

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.

American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs : Drugs, Devices, and Other Interventions
|November 13, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Premature cardiovascular disease is a growing concern in the HIV-infected population. This review examines HIV-related atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors, including antiretroviral therapy and traditional risks.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • HIV infection has transitioned from a fatal diagnosis to a chronic condition due to early detection and antiretroviral therapy.
  • Premature cardiovascular disease is a significant clinical concern in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected population.
  • Cardiovascular disease progression in HIV-infected individuals is accelerated by traditional and non-traditional risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated, comprehensive review of the existing literature on HIV-associated atherosclerosis.
  • To explore the relationship between HIV, antiretroviral therapy, traditional risk factors, and cardiovascular risk.
  • To highlight the importance of early detection of subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-infected individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of available research on HIV, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular risk.
  • Analysis of advancements in cardiac computed tomography angiography for evaluating coronary artery disease.
  • Synthesis of data linking antiretroviral therapy, Framingham risk factors, and HIV to cardiovascular events.

Main Results:

  • Cardiovascular disease in the HIV-infected population is thought to progress early.
  • Advancements in cardiac computed tomography angiography aid in evaluating coronary stenosis and plaque analysis.
  • Increased cardiovascular event rates are linked to antiretroviral therapy, Framingham risk factors, and HIV.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection of subclinical atherosclerosis is a critical research focus.
  • Understanding the multifactorial nature of cardiovascular risk in HIV is essential.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of HIV-related atherosclerosis.

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