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Updated: Nov 30, 2025
An Ex vivo Assay to Study Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Published on: July 1, 2020
Risk factors for candidaemia: A prospective multi-centre case-control study
Caitlin Livia Keighley1,2,3, Alun Pope4, Deborah J E Marriott5
1Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR, New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Objectives:
Candidaemia carries a mortality of up to 40% and may be related to increasing complexity of medical care. Here, we determined risk factors for the development of candidaemia.
Methods:
We conducted a prospective, multi-centre, case-control study over 12 months. Cases were aged ≥18 years with at least one blood culture positive for Candida spp. Each case was matched with two controls, by age within 10 years, admission within 6 months, admitting unit, and admission duration at least as long as the time between admission and onset of candidaemia.
Results:
A total of 118 incident cases and 236 matched controls were compared. By multivariate analysis, risk factors for candidaemia included neutropenia, solid organ transplant, significant liver, respiratory or cardiovascular disease, recent gastrointestinal, biliary or urological surgery, central venous access device, intravenous drug use, urinary catheter and carbapenem receipt.
Conclusions:
Risk factors for candidaemia derive from the infection source, carbapenem use, host immune function and organ-based co-morbidities. Preventive strategies should target iatrogenic disruption of mucocutaneous barriers and intravenous drug use.
