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Updated: Nov 30, 2025

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
Published on: February 9, 2021
[Interdisciplinary approach for prevention of recurrent urinary stone disease]
1Institute of Uronephrology and Reproductive Health, FGAOU VO I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
Abstract:
Urolithiasis is a multifactorial metabolic disease caused by the interaction of genetic, environmental factors and is directly related to lifestyle. Multiple factors influencing the initiation of stone formation and the growth of urinary crystals are presented in the article. Based on the available data, an involvement of various specialists, including urologists, geneticists, physician office laboratory, radiation diagnostics specialists, nutritionists, endocrinologists, immunologists, physiotherapy and balneotherapy specialists, general practitioner, is necessary for effective treatment of patients with kidney stones.
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