Environment dependent microbial co-occurrences across a cyanobacterial bloom in a freshwater lake

Microbial taxon-taxon co-occurrences may directly or indirectly reflect the potential relationships between the members within a microbial community. However, to what extent and the specificity by which these co-occurrences are influenced by environmental factors remains unclear. In this report, we evaluated how the dynamics of microbial taxon-taxon co-occurrence is associated with the changes of environmental factors in Nan Lake at Wuhan city, China with a Modified Liquid Association method. We were able to detect more than 1000 taxon-taxon co-occurrences highly correlated with one or more environmental factors across a phytoplankton bloom using 16S rRNA gene amplicon community profiles. These co-occurrences, referred to as environment dependent co-occurrences (ED_co-occurrences), delineate a unique network in which a taxon-taxon pair exhibits specific, and potentially dynamic correlations with an environmental parameter, while the individual relative abundance of each may not. Microcystis involved ED_co-occurrences are in important topological positions in the network, suggesting relationships between the bloom dominant species and other taxa could play a role in the interplay of microbial community and environment across various bloom stages. Our results may broaden our understanding of the response of a microbial community to the environment, particularly at the level of microbe-microbe associations.