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The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...
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Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
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Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
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Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents
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[Acedia or the depressed between sin and illness].

J Alliez, J P Huber

    Annales Medico-Psychologiques
    |May 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Acedia, a term from classical Greek, described a mental state of disgust and dejection, evolving through Christian texts. Its study offers insights into early concepts of depression.

    Area of Science:

    • Historical analysis of psychological concepts.
    • Theological and philosophical studies.

    Context:

    • Acedia originated in 4th-century Greek vocabulary, used by Evagrius Ponticus to describe disgust and dejection.
    • Transmitted by John Cassian to Latin audiences, its meaning shifted, becoming conflated with sadness.
    • Pope Gregory the Great later removed acedia from the deadly sins, viewing it as a medical condition.

    Purpose:

    • To trace the etymological and semantic evolution of the term 'acedia'.
    • To analyze its historical significance in Christian thought and its connection to mental states.

    Summary:

    • Evagrius Ponticus defined acedia as a mental state of disgust and dejection, listed as a deadly sin.
    • John Cassian adapted the term for a Latin audience, altering its meaning towards sadness.

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  • Later interpretations, including Pope Gregory the Great's, shifted acedia towards a medical or psychological condition.

    • Impact:

    • The historical study of acedia provides valuable data for understanding the precursors to modern depression.
    • It highlights the evolving conceptualization of mental distress across different historical periods and cultural contexts.