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Published on: December 19, 2020
Cross-sectional Imaging Manifestations of Extrapulmonary Involvement in COVID-19 Disease
Bernard F Laya, Thurl Hugh C Cledera1, Timothy Reynold U Lim1
1St. Luke's Medical Center - Global City, Taguig City.
Insights
This review explores the multisystemic nature of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), detailing its extrapulmonary manifestations. It synthesizes current knowledge on the prevalence, pathophysiology, and imaging findings of these diverse COVID-19 complications.
Area of Science:
- Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Radiology
Background:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) primarily presents as a respiratory illness.
- Emerging evidence indicates COVID-19 affects multiple organ systems beyond the lungs.
- Limited understanding exists regarding the full scope of extrapulmonary involvement in COVID-19.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the prevalence of extrapulmonary manifestations in COVID-19.
- To discuss the proposed pathophysiology of these extrapulmonary findings.
- To outline the clinical and imaging spectrum of extrapulmonary involvement in COVID-19 disease.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review.
- Synthesis of existing research on COVID-19 extrapulmonary manifestations.
- Analysis of clinical and cross-sectional imaging data.
Main Results:
- COVID-19 exhibits significant multisystemic involvement, affecting gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, renal, and neurological systems.
- Prevalence data for specific extrapulmonary manifestations are still being established.
- Clinical and imaging findings vary widely across affected organ systems.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 is a multisystemic disease with significant extrapulmonary implications.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the pathophysiology and clinical impact of extrapulmonary findings.
- Cross-sectional imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19.
Abstract:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease has spread worldwide since it was first discovered in China's Hubei province in December 2019. Respiratory illness is the primary manifestation of COVID-19 disease, and its pathophysiology as well as the clinical and cross-sectional imaging manifestations has been adequately reported. However, there is emerging evidence of its multisystemic nature, with associated extrapulmonary manifestations including gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, renal, and neurological findings. There is still limited understanding with regard to the extrapulmonary involvement in this disease. This review aims to put together the prevalence, proposed pathophysiology, and the spectrum of clinical and cross-sectional imaging manifestations of associated extrapulmonary findings in COVID-19 disease.
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