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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

194
Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
194
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

132
Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
132
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

231
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
231
Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

115
Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

236
IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Aortitis: an update.

Mustafa Erdogan1

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Basaksehir Cam ve Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Current Opinion in Rheumatology
|November 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent studies advance understanding of aortitis, identifying new diagnostic criteria and imaging techniques for giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis. However, more research is needed on causes and steroid-free treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Inflammation
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Aortitis, the inflammation of the aorta, presents with diverse clinical and imaging findings.
  • Pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnostic, monitoring, and treatment strategies for aortitis require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on aortitis and associated diseases.
  • To highlight advancements in understanding and managing noninfectious aortitis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of multiple recent cohort studies on noninfectious aortitis.
  • Analysis of proposed classification criteria and imaging parameters.
  • Evaluation of recent therapeutic findings and pathway research.

Main Results:

  • Identification of six angiographic clusters for giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis.
  • Proposal of new classification criteria for IgG4-related disease.
  • Description of ultrasonographic slope sign and halo score for giant cell arteritis.
  • Highlighting the role of PET-computed tomography in diagnosis and monitoring.
  • Reporting promising results for JAK/mTOR pathways and tocilizumab in Takayasu arteritis.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in characterizing aortitis, including new classification and imaging tools.
  • Further research is essential to address gaps in understanding causes, disease monitoring, and achieving steroid-free remission in noninfectious aortitis.