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Long-patch Base Excision Repair

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Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:

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Many fundamental cell functions such as muscle contraction and nerve transmission rely on the electrical signals produced by the movement of positively and negatively charged ions across the cell membrane. One competent method to record current flowing across the whole cell or single ion channel is the patch-clamp technique.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 30, 2025

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose MED Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose MED Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response

Published on: October 3, 2019

Patch testing 101, part 1: performing the test.

Margo Reeder¹, Amber Reck Atwater²

¹Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA.

|November 13, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Patch testing is crucial for diagnosing contact dermatitis. Proper interpretation requires understanding standard series, patient history, and potential interference from medications or treatments.

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Last Updated: Nov 30, 2025

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Minimal Erythema Dose MED Testing

Minimal Erythema Dose MED Testing

Published on: May 28, 2013

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Allergology
Clinical Immunology

Background:

Contact dermatitis is a common skin condition.
Accurate diagnosis relies on identifying causative allergens.
Patch testing is a key diagnostic tool.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the essential principles of patch testing.
To guide clinicians in allergen selection and test interpretation.
To highlight factors that may affect patch test outcomes.

Main Methods:

Utilizing standard and specialized allergen series.
Considering individual patient history for allergen selection.
Performing delayed readings between 72 and 144 hours post-application.

Main Results:

Standard series provide a baseline for common allergens.
Patient-specific history is vital for selecting additional allergens.
Delayed readings are necessary for accurate diagnosis.

Conclusions:

Patch testing is fundamental for diagnosing contact dermatitis.
Careful selection of allergens and appropriate reading times are essential.
Awareness of interfering factors improves test reliability.