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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
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IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 30, 2025

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
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Mid-infrared microfiber Bragg gratings.

Dawei Cai, Yu Xie, Pan Wang

    Optics Letters
    |November 13, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We fabricated mid-infrared Bragg gratings on chalcogenide glass microfibers. These microfiber Bragg gratings (mFBGs) show potential for mid-infrared photonic devices.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optics and Photonics

    Background:

    • Sub-wavelength-diameter chalcogenide glass (ChG) microfibers are promising for optical applications.
    • Mid-infrared (mid-IR) photonic devices require efficient grating structures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report the fabrication of mid-IR Bragg gratings on ChG microfibers.
    • To investigate the photo-induced refractive index changes and grating formation parameters.

    Main Methods:

    • ChG microfibers (around 3 µm diameter) were drawn from As2S3 glass.
    • Mid-IR microfiber Bragg gratings (mFBGs) were inscribed using 532 nm light interference patterns.
    • The dependence of grating formation on exposure power density and time was studied.

    Main Results:

    • mFBGs were successfully fabricated on sub-wavelength-diameter ChG microfibers.
    • An extinction ratio of 15 dB was achieved at 4.5 µm wavelength.
    • A positive photo-induced refractive index change of 2×10^-2 was observed.

    Conclusions:

    • The demonstrated mid-IR mFBGs are viable components for photonic applications.
    • These mFBGs can serve as building blocks for mid-IR micro-photonic circuits and devices.