Cancer Extracellular Matrix Proteins Regulate Tumour Immunity
Alex Gordon-Weeks1, Arseniy E Yuzhalin2
1Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Room 6607, Level 6 John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
Cancers
|November 14, 2020
Summary
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for cancer progression and immunity. Targeting the cancer ECM alongside immunotherapy is essential for effective cancer treatment.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- The extracellular matrix (ECM) significantly influences cancer development and progression.
- While tumor microenvironment aspects like immunity and angiogenesis are targeted, the cancer ECM remains therapeutically unaddressed.
- Immune function is intrinsically linked to ECM structure, physics, and composition.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms by which the ECM shapes tumor immunity.
- To identify potential therapeutic targets within the cancer ECM.
- To emphasize the necessity of considering the cancer ECM in immunotherapy strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research on ECM-tumor immunity interactions.
- Analysis of the mechanistic links between ECM components and immune cell function.
- Identification of ECM-based therapeutic targets.
Main Results:
- The ECM plays a critical role in modulating anti-tumor immune responses.
- Specific ECM components and structural properties influence immune cell infiltration and activity.
- The interplay between cancer ECM and immunity is complex and bidirectional.
Conclusions:
- The cancer ECM is a key determinant of immunotherapy efficacy.
- Simultaneous targeting of the cancer ECM and immunotherapy holds promise for improved cancer treatment outcomes.
- Further research into ECM-modulating therapies is warranted to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
Keywords:
cancercollagenextracellular matrixfibronectinimmuneimmune checkpointimmunitymetastasismicroenvironmenttherapyMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
02:17The Tumor Microenvironment
7.4K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
7.4K
01:29The Extracellular Matrix
11.2K
Overview
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...
11.2K
01:42The Extracellular Matrix
87.4K
Overview
87.4K
01:27Tumor Immunotherapy
955
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
955
02:30Metastasis
6.1K
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
6.1K
02:38Mitogens and the Cell Cycle
7.4K
Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
7.4K