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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Anterior Neck01:26

Muscles of the Anterior Neck

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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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Muscles that Move the Head01:19

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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 30, 2025

Warm Moxibustion and Scraping as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Cervical Spondylosis Treatment
04:28

Warm Moxibustion and Scraping as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Cervical Spondylosis Treatment

Published on: June 27, 2025

646

Self-Kinematic Training for Flight-Associated Neck Pain: a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Hilla Sarig Bahat, Dmitry German, Galia Palomo

    Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance
    |November 14, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Virtual reality self-kinematic training did not improve neck pain or disability in fighter pilots due to poor compliance. Future research should focus on supervised, intense strengthening programs for flight-associated neck pain (FANP).

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    Area of Science:

    • Aviation Medicine
    • Sports Medicine
    • Rehabilitation Science

    Background:

    • Flight-associated neck pain (FANP) significantly impacts fighter pilots, yet effective management strategies are limited.
    • Self-kinematic training has shown promise in the general population, suggesting potential applicability for FANP.
    • Investigating novel interventions is crucial for addressing the high prevalence and impact of FANP.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of a virtual reality-based self-kinematic training program for reducing neck pain and disability in fighter pilots.
    • To assess the impact of this training on kinematic performance, pain levels, health status, and isometric strength.
    • To determine the feasibility and compliance rates of a self-directed training regimen in this population.

    Main Methods:

    • A randomized controlled trial involving 45 fighter pilots diagnosed with FANP.
    • Participants were assigned to either a control group or a training group (20 min/wk for 4 wk) using a personalized virtual reality self-kinematic program.
    • Outcomes included neck disability index (NDI), pain (VAS), kinematic performance, health status, and isometric strength, assessed by blinded evaluators.

    Main Results:

    • Despite high baseline kinematic performance, compliance with the self-training program was poor.
    • No significant improvements were observed in self-reported pain, disability, or isometric strength between groups.
    • A correlation was found between exercise duration and improvement in neck disability index (NDI%), suggesting adherence is key.

    Conclusions:

    • The virtual reality self-kinematic training program was ineffective in improving neck pain and disability in fighter pilots, primarily due to low compliance.
    • Kinematic performance may not be the primary factor in FANP, and self-directed training requires further investigation regarding adherence.
    • Future interventions should consider supervised training and focus on intense strengthening exercises to enhance endurance against high G-forces experienced by pilots.