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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Translation01:31

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Targeting translation regulators improves cancer therapy.

Shi-Long Jiang1, Jun-Luan Mo2, Ji Peng3

  • 1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.

Genomics
|November 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Deregulation of protein synthesis impacts cancer growth and metastasis. Targeting translational control offers new therapeutic strategies and novel anti-cancer drugs for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Canceranti-cancer drugstherapeutic targetingtranslation regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Protein synthesis deregulation is implicated in cancer progression, including growth, invasion, and metastasis.
  • Understanding translational control mechanisms is crucial for developing effective anti-cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of translational control in cancer survival and progression.
  • To highlight therapeutic strategies targeting translation regulation for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on translational control in cancer.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for small molecular inhibitors targeting translation.

Main Results:

  • Targeting the translational machinery shows promise in overcoming cancer.
  • Small molecular inhibitors targeting translation factors have demonstrated improved outcomes in clinical trials for various cancer types.

Conclusions:

  • Insights into translation regulation proteins offer new targets for pharmacologic intervention.
  • Targeted translation regulation presents novel therapeutic opportunities for anti-tumor interventions.