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Third window syndrome – classification, diagnosis, therapy

Péter Kalinics1,2, Imre Gerlinger1, Péter Révész1

  • 11 Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Fül-, Orr-, Gégészeti és Fej-Nyaksebészeti Klinika, Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Pécs.

Orvosi Hetilap
|November 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Third window syndrome is a rare cause of conductive hearing loss, characterized by a bony defect in the inner ear. Diagnosis requires specialized audiological and imaging tests, with surgical options available for treatment.

Keywords:
belső fülconductive hearing lossdehiscencedehiscentiaharmadik ablakinner earthird windowvezetéses halláscsökkenés

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Audiology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Conductive hearing loss can stem from various outer, middle, or inner ear abnormalities.
  • Third window syndrome is a specific cause of conductive hearing loss, often challenging to diagnose.
  • It involves a bony defect on the otic capsule acting as an abnormal fluid-filled space.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of third window syndrome.
  • To discuss the etiology, diagnostic challenges, and treatment options.
  • To present initial clinical experiences with two cases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on third window syndrome.
  • Analysis of audiological test results (e.g., audiometry, stapedial reflex testing).
  • Discussion of imaging techniques for diagnosis.
  • Presentation of case studies with surgical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Third window syndrome is characterized by conductive hearing loss with intact stapedial reflexes and no apparent outer or middle ear pathology.
  • Diagnosis is often delayed due to its rarity and complexity.
  • Surgical interventions aim to close the abnormal third window to restore normal hearing function.

Conclusions:

  • Third window syndrome is a complex condition requiring a high index of suspicion for accurate diagnosis.
  • Multimodal diagnostic approaches, including audiological and imaging studies, are crucial.
  • Surgical management offers potential for hearing improvement in selected patients.