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Recent progress in environmentally friendly geopolymers: A review.

Nabila Shehata1, Enas Taha Sayed2, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem3

  • 1Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.

The Science of the Total Environment
|November 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Geopolymerization technology offers a sustainable alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) by utilizing waste materials. This method significantly reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and energy consumption in the construction industry.

Keywords:
Cement industry, CO(2) reductionEnvironmental impactGeopolymerGeopolymerization processSustainability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) production is a major source of CO2 emissions, contributing significantly to environmental impact.
  • Cement manufacturing requires substantial fuel consumption and releases CO2 from limestone decomposition, with approximately one ton of CO2 emitted per ton of cement produced.
  • Geopolymerization presents a promising technology to mitigate these environmental concerns by converting industrial wastes into valuable materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanism of geopolymerization, focusing on its potential to replace OPC.
  • To explore various raw materials and controlling parameters influencing geopolymer properties.
  • To highlight recent advancements and challenges in geopolymerization technology for sustainable construction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on geopolymerization mechanisms and applications.
  • Analysis of different alumina-silicate source materials, including fly ash, kaolinite, metakaolin, slag, and red mud.
  • Examination of the role of alkaline activators and processing conditions (mixing, curing) on geopolymer performance.

Main Results:

  • Geopolymerization effectively utilizes waste materials containing alumina and silica, offering a sustainable alternative to OPC.
  • The properties of geopolymers, such as compressive strength, setting time, and workability, are influenced by precursor type, activator, and processing conditions.
  • Geopolymers exhibit structural performance comparable to OPC, indicating their potential for widespread application.

Conclusions:

  • Geopolymerization technology significantly reduces CO2 emissions and energy consumption associated with cement production.
  • This technology offers a pathway to decrease the cost of building materials and minimize the environmental footprint of the construction industry.
  • Further research into raw material optimization and processing techniques is crucial for advancing geopolymer applications.