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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

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Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Deciphering Physicochemical Properties of Urinary Proteins from Stone Formers as Macromolecular Prolithogenic Factors to Drive Calcium Oxalate Stone Development.

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Unveiling potential natural promoters of calcium oxalate kidney stones in the urine via anion-exchange chromatography, crystal assays, and proteomics.

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Lactobacillus acidophilus abolishes oxalate-mediated renal epithelial barrier disruption and calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal adhesion to renal epithelial cells.

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Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Kidney Stone Disease.

Sakdithep Chaiyarit1, Visith Thongboonkerd1

  • 1Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Frontiers in Physiology
|November 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to kidney stone formation by affecting calcium oxalate crystal aggregation. Preserving mitochondria may offer a new strategy to prevent kidney stones.

Keywords:
antioxidantcalciumcalcium oxalatemitochondrianephrolithiasisoxidative stressreactive oxygen speciesurolithiasis

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Nephrology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mitochondria regulate vital cellular processes including energy production, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
  • Kidney stone disease, especially calcium oxalate stones, is linked to oxidative stress and renal tissue injury.
  • Emerging evidence implicates mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of kidney stones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of mitochondria in normal kidney cell function.
  • To summarize existing research on mitochondria in kidney stone disease.
  • To discuss the mechanisms linking mitochondrial dysfunction to kidney stone formation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating mitochondria and kidney stone disease.
  • Analysis of data on mitochondrial roles in renal pathophysiology.
  • Synthesis of information on mitochondrial dysfunction in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondria are critical for maintaining renal cell health and function.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in calcium oxalate crystal aggregation and Randall's plaque formation.
  • Dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to oxidative stress and inflammation in kidney stone development.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key factor in the development of kidney stones.
  • Understanding these mechanisms opens avenues for therapeutic interventions.
  • Mitochondrial preservation presents a promising future approach for preventing kidney stone formation.