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Complement Expression and Activation in Osteoarthritis Joint Compartments.

Elisa Assirelli1, Lia Pulsatelli1, Paolo Dolzani1

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Complement factors are produced and activated in osteoarthritis (OA) joints, involving cartilage, bone, and synovium. This suggests innate immunity plays a role in OA joint inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Osteoarthritis Research

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with complex inflammatory components.
  • The complement system, a part of innate immunity, is implicated in inflammatory processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression and activation of complement factors (C3, C4, complement factor B) in human OA joint tissues.
  • To determine the role of IL-1β in regulating complement factor expression in OA cells.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry and quantitative imaging of osteochondral biopsies from 43 OA patients.
  • Culture of chondrocytes, synoviocytes, cartilage, and synovial tissues from 15 OA patients with or without IL-1β stimulation.
  • Real-time PCR for complement factor gene expression and analysis of complement activation fragments in culture supernatants.

Main Results:

  • Complement factors were expressed in OA joint tissues, with C3 being most abundant and C4 least abundant.
  • Complement factor B (CFB) expression was higher than C3 and C4 in chondrocytes and was induced by IL-1β.
  • Complement activation fragments like C3a and CFBa were detected, and terminal complement complex (TCC) was augmented in cartilage explants.

Conclusions:

  • Complement factors are locally produced and activated within the OA joint, involving cartilage, bone, and synovium.
  • These findings support the involvement of innate immunity in OA pathogenesis.
  • An association between complement alternative pathway components and joint inflammation in OA is suggested.