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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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After a fibrin clot is formed, the next step is clot retraction, a vital process facilitated by platelet contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin. These proteins pull the fibrin strands closer together and condense the clot. This action reduces the size of the clot, creating a smaller, denser structure that effectively seals off the damaged vessel. Clot retraction consolidates the clot and helps with wound healing by bringing the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together.
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Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
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Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
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Coagulation/Complement Activation and Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

Tatiana Koudriavtseva1, Annunziata Stefanile1, Marco Fiorelli2

  • 1Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.

Frontiers in Immunology
|November 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Investigating the link between immune system activation and reduced blood flow in multiple sclerosis (MS) may reveal new biomarkers for this central nervous system disease.

Keywords:
cerebral hypoperfusioncoagulationcomplementinfectionmultiple sclerosisplateletsrelapse

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
  • Both innate and adaptive immunity play crucial roles in MS pathogenesis.
  • Altered cerebral hemodynamics, including decreased cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF), are observed in MS patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between coagulation/complement system activation and decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
  • To compare serum/plasma levels of coagulation/complement factors in RRMS patients during relapse versus remission and healthy controls.
  • To assess differences in brain hemodynamic changes using MRI in RRMS patients during relapse versus remission.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-center, prospective, controlled study involving 30 RRMS patients in relapse, 30 in remission, and 30 healthy controls.
  • Assessment of coagulation/complement factors, endothelial damage markers, antiphospholipid antibodies, and viral serology.
  • Dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MRI to evaluate CBF, CBV, and mean transit time (MTT).

Main Results:

  • This section is not detailed in the provided abstract.
  • Further analysis is required to present specific findings.
  • The study aims to correlate coagulation status with perfusion and clinical features.

Conclusions:

  • Establishing a link between coagulation/complement system activation and cerebral hypoperfusion could identify novel biomarkers.
  • This research may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for MS.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for improving MS management.