The role of Transfer RNA-Derived Small RNAs (tsRNAs) in Digestive System Tumors

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Oncology
• Genetics

Background:

• Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are non-coding RNAs generated from tRNA cleavage by nucleases like Dicer.
• TsRNAs encompass tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and tRNA halves (tiRNAs), with distinct classifications based on their origin within the tRNA molecule.
• Both tRFs and tiRNAs are implicated in carcinogenesis, particularly in digestive system cancers, by influencing oncogene expression and protein interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the multifaceted roles of tRFs and tiRNAs in the biological behavior of digestive system tumors.
• To elucidate the correlation between tsRNAs and the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and prognosis of gastrointestinal cancers.
• To offer novel perspectives for the early detection and therapeutic interventions of digestive system malignancies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on tsRNAs and their involvement in cancer.
• Analysis of research focusing on the mechanistic roles of tRFs and tiRNAs in cellular processes relevant to cancer progression.
• Synthesis of information regarding the clinical implications of tsRNAs in digestive system tumors.

Main Results:

• tRFs and tiRNAs can promote tumor cell proliferation and cell cycle progression.
• These small RNAs regulate oncogene expression and can interact with RNA-binding proteins like YBX1 to inhibit transcription.
• The review highlights a gap in comprehensive understanding of tsRNA involvement in gastrointestinal tumors.

Conclusions:

• TsRNAs significantly influence the biological behavior and progression of digestive system cancers.
• Understanding the specific roles of tRFs and tiRNAs offers potential for improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
• Further research into tsRNAs is crucial for advancing the management of gastrointestinal malignancies.