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COVID-19 contact tracing in a tertiary care hospital: A retrospective chart review
1General Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305001, India.
Insights
Contact tracing for COVID-19 identified that household contacts had a significantly higher chance of testing positive compared to community contacts. Age and gender did not influence infection rates among traced individuals.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Disease Control
- Public Health
Background:
- Contact tracing is a key strategy for controlling COVID-19 transmission.
- It was crucial in identifying infected individuals and minimizing spread during the pandemic.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze contact tracing data from India's initial COVID-19 lockdown.
- To determine associations between COVID-19 test results and factors like age, gender, and contact type.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of contact tracing records.
- Analysis of 372 contacts during the first month of lockdown.
- Statistical analysis including Chi-square and t-tests to assess associations.
Main Results:
- 21% of traced contacts tested positive for COVID-19.
- No significant difference in infection rates based on gender or age.
- Household contacts were 24.5 times more likely to test positive than community contacts (p < 0.05).
Conclusions:
- Age and gender do not significantly impact COVID-19 contraction risk.
- The type of contact (household vs. community) is a major determinant of infection probability.
- The primary case's occupation may have influenced the high number of positive contacts.
Background:
Contact tracing is one of the strategies used to control COVID-19 pandemic. It played an important role in the beginning to identify all contacts and minimise the spread of the infection.
Methods:
A retrospective chart review was carried out of contact tracing records during the one-month period, starting from the onset of the first lockdown in India. The largest wave of 372 contacts was analysed in detail to find out the association between the result of COVID-19 test and various factors (age, gender, type of contact).
Results:
A total of 372 contacts (214 males and 158 females) were traced and around 21% contacts were tested positive on COVID-19 RT-PCR test. Chi-square test didn't find the significant difference between COVID-19 test result and proportions of male and female contacts, χ2 (1) 0.033, p = 0.855. Female positive contacts had lower mean age compared to male positive contacts, though not statistically significant, t (75) = - 1.809, p = 0.0745. No difference was found in either median or mean age of contacts with respect to COVID-19 test result. Odds of tested COVID-19 positive among household contacts much higher than community contacts, OR = 24.52, 95% CI 12.45-48.29, p < 0.05.
Conclusion:
No difference was noted in the rate of contracting infection with respect to age and gender of contacts. Type of contact, household or community, significantly affected the probability of becoming infected with the coronavirus. Occupation of primary case was probably responsible for large number of contacts found positive for COVID-19.
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