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Search for Composite Dark Matter with Optically Levitated Sensors.

Fernando Monteiro1, Gadi Afek1, Daniel Carney2,3

  • 1Department of Physics, Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

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This study searched for composite dark matter particles interacting with normal matter. Using an optically levitated nanogram mass, it set new limits on dark matter interactions, improving sensitivity for specific models.

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Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Astrophysics
  • Cosmology

Background:

  • Dark matter constitutes the majority of matter in the universe.
  • Composite dark matter models propose dark matter is made of smaller constituents.
  • Previous searches have limited sensitivity to dark matter with feeble long-range interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To search for a specific class of composite dark matter models.
  • To constrain the interaction strength between dark matter and normal matter (specifically neutrons).
  • To explore novel detection methods for heavy dark matter candidates.

Main Methods:

  • Monitoring the mechanical motion of an optically levitated nanogram mass.
  • Detecting impulses from passing dark matter particles.
  • Analyzing data over several days to identify subtle mechanical disturbances.

Main Results:

  • Established upper limits on the interaction cross-section with neutrons (αn ≤ 1.2×10⁻⁷ at 95% confidence).
  • Constrained dark matter masses between 1 and 10 TeV and mediator masses ≤ 0.1 meV.
  • Demonstrated enhanced sensitivity compared to existing searches, even those with larger targets.

Conclusions:

  • The experiment provides significant constraints on composite dark matter models with feeble interactions.
  • Optically levitated sensors offer a powerful new avenue for dark matter detection.
  • Future directional searches could access previously inaccessible heavy dark matter candidates.