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Updated: Nov 30, 2025
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A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
Published on: August 24, 2017
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Changes in attentional processing following neurofeedback in patients with persistent post-concussive symptoms: a
Jamie Hershaw1,2, Candace A Hill-Pearson1,2, Jorge I Arango1,2
1Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center , Fort Carson, CO, USA.
Brain Injury
|November 16, 2020
Summary
Live Z-score training (LZT) improved general attention in persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) patients, enhancing cognitive performance. Further trials are needed to confirm LZT
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) frequently involve attention deficits.
- Neurofeedback therapy (NFT) shows promise for attention improvement in other conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of Live Z-score training (LZT), a type of NFT, on attentional networks in PPCS patients.
- To examine changes in event-related potentials (ERPs) and cognitive function.
Main Methods:
- A single-group pilot study design was employed.
- Attention-related ERPs (N1, P3) and cognitive performance were assessed.
- Live Z-score training (LZT) was administered.
Main Results:
- P3 amplitude, reflecting neural resource allocation, increased post-LZT and normalized by 3 months.
- Cognitive performance improved and was sustained at 3-month follow-up.
- LZT appeared to enhance general attentional processing rather than specific networks.
Conclusions:
- LZT may offer global attention benefits for PPCS patients.
- Pilot data support further clinical trials to evaluate LZT for PPCS-related attention deficits.
