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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Previous research on Mandarin Chinese basic color terms lacked objective evaluation methods, leading to conflicting findings.
  • Understanding basic color terms is crucial for cross-cultural communication and cognitive research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To objectively determine the number of basic color categories in modern Mandarin Chinese using statistical analysis.
  • To investigate the consistency and precision of Mandarin color terms compared to other languages.

Main Methods:

  • Applied k-means cluster analysis to color naming data from native Mandarin Chinese speakers using 330 color chips.
  • Utilized motif and group mutual information analysis for cross-linguistic comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed 11 basic color categories among Mandarin speakers in Taiwan, with high observer agreement.
  • Demonstrated significant cross-language similarity in color category distribution with American English and Japanese data.
  • Mandarin color terms exhibit similar precision in communicating color information as English and Japanese.

Conclusions:

  • Modern Mandarin Chinese possesses 11 basic color categories, consistent with international findings.
  • Despite cultural and historical differences, Mandarin, English, and Japanese share remarkably similar basic color terms.
  • This suggests a universal basis for basic color perception and categorization across diverse languages.