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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
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IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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What are Second Messengers?01:12

What are Second Messengers?

88.3K
Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...
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Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

7.8K
Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
7.8K
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

5.7K
Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
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Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

51.4K
Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 30, 2025

Preparation of Quality Inositol Pyrophosphates
10:34

Preparation of Quality Inositol Pyrophosphates

Published on: September 3, 2011

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Signalling Properties of Inositol Polyphosphates.

Tania Maffucci1, Marco Falasca2

  • 1Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Inositol polyphosphates (IPs) are crucial signaling molecules regulating cellular processes and protein interactions. Modulating IPs offers potential new therapeutic strategies for diseases like cancer.

Keywords:
cell signalingexperimental pharmacologyinositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphateinositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphateinositol phosphatespleckstrin homology domain

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Absolute Quantitation of Inositol Pyrophosphates by Capillary Electrophoresis Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
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Absolute Quantitation of Inositol Pyrophosphates by Capillary Electrophoresis Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 30, 2025

Preparation of Quality Inositol Pyrophosphates
10:34

Preparation of Quality Inositol Pyrophosphates

Published on: September 3, 2011

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Absolute Quantitation of Inositol Pyrophosphates by Capillary Electrophoresis Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
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Absolute Quantitation of Inositol Pyrophosphates by Capillary Electrophoresis Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
08:07

Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry

Published on: July 26, 2019

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Inositol polyphosphates (IPs) are increasingly recognized for their diverse signaling roles within cells.
  • Recent research has illuminated their involvement in protein complex stabilization and enzyme activity modulation.
  • Understanding IP production and function is key to deciphering cellular regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intracellular functions of inositol polyphosphates (IPs).
  • To explore the potential of modulating IP levels for therapeutic interventions.
  • To highlight the significance of IPs in cellular signaling and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on inositol polyphosphate signaling.
  • Analysis of research on protein-IP interactions.
  • Discussion of pharmacological approaches targeting IP pathways.

Main Results:

  • IPs play critical roles in stabilizing protein complexes and modulating enzymatic activities.
  • These interactions are vital for regulating numerous cellular processes.
  • IPs are implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Inositol polyphosphates are key regulators of cellular functions.
  • Targeting IP pathways presents promising pharmacological opportunities for disease treatment.
  • Further research into IPs can lead to novel therapeutic strategies.