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Rethinking Suicide Risk With a New Generation of Suicide Theories.

Tamara P Keefner1, Thomas Stenvig2

  • 1College of Nursing, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota Tamarapikekeefner@gmail.com.

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Summary

Suicide theories are evolving. Newer ideation-to-action models better explain the transition from suicidal thoughts to attempts, highlighting acquired capability as a key factor beyond mere ideation.

Keywords:
ideation-to-action frameworksuicide attemptssuicide ideationtheories of suicide

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Suicide is a global health concern, encompassing suicidal thinking, behaviors, and attempts.
  • Existing theoretical models infrequently explain the progression from suicidal ideation to suicide attempts.
  • There is a need for advanced theoretical models to understand the transition from suicidal thoughts to suicide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a conceptual discussion and scoping review of suicide theories.
  • To compare historical and contemporary ideation-to-action theories of suicide.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were conducted.
  • Literature was sourced from three databases: CINAHL, JSTOR, and PsychINFO.
  • The review focused on identifying and describing suicide theories.

Main Results:

  • Historical suicide theories have limited ability to distinguish between individuals with suicidal ideation and those who attempt suicide.
  • Contemporary ideation-to-action theories propose distinct processes that explain the movement from suicidal ideation to suicidal behaviors.
  • The acquired capability for suicide is identified as a common factor distinguishing ideators from attempters.

Conclusions:

  • Ideation-to-action theories offer guidance for healthcare providers in assessing at-risk individuals beyond simply inquiring about suicidal thinking.
  • Suicidal ideations are only one aspect of suicide risk.
  • The acquired capability for suicide is a critical differentiator in newer suicide theories.