COVID-19 and stroke: Red flags for secondary movement disorders?

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Infectious Diseases
• Hematology

Background:

• COVID-19 is associated with hypercoagulability, increasing the risk of thromboembolic events.
• Vascular events and severe infections, including COVID-19, can manifest with neurological complications.
• Movement disorders represent a potential, yet under-recognized, complication in patients with COVID-19.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the potential link between COVID-19, hypercoagulability, and the subsequent development of movement disorders.
• To increase awareness among healthcare professionals regarding neurological complications in COVID-19 patients.
• To emphasize the importance of vigilant monitoring for abnormal movements in individuals with COVID-19.

Main Methods:

• This is a conceptual review based on existing literature and clinical observations.
• Analysis of reported cases and pathophysiological mechanisms linking viral infections to neurological sequelae.
• Synthesis of information regarding hypercoagulability and its impact on cerebrovascular health in COVID-19.

Main Results:

• Hypercoagulability in COVID-19 patients creates a prothrombotic state, elevating the risk of both systemic and cerebral thromboembolism.
• Thromboembolic events secondary to COVID-19 can result in vascular brain injuries, which may manifest as movement disorders.
• Infections themselves can trigger inflammatory and immune responses that contribute to the development of neurological deficits, including abnormal movements.

Conclusions:

• Healthcare professionals must maintain a high index of suspicion for movement disorders in COVID-19 patients.
• Early recognition and management of thromboembolic complications are crucial in preventing or mitigating neurological damage.
• Vigilance for neurological signs, particularly abnormal movements, is essential for comprehensive patient care during and after COVID-19 infection.