Nanostructure of DiR-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles with Potential Bioimaging Functions

The fluorescence dye-loaded nanoparticles are widely used as bioimaging agents in the field of nanotheranostics. However, the nanoparticles for nanotheranostics usually consist of synthetic materials, such as metal, silica, and organic polymers, which are often biologically incompatible and may arouse toxicity issues. Herein, the potential of near-infrared probe DiR-containing solid lipid nanoparticle suspensions (DiR-SLNS) as the bioimaging agent, which was prepared by lipids and surfactants with excellent biocompatibility, was investigated in this study. The nanostructure of DIR-SLNS system and the distribution of DiR were studied by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. The stability of physicochemical properties and fluorescence spectra of DIR-SLNS system were investigated using dynamic laser scattering (DLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and fluorescence spectra. The fluorescence intensity-concentration correlation of DIR-SLNS was also evaluated. As a result, DiR-SLNS demonstrated a "core-shell"-like nanostructure and DiR was mainly distributed in the cetyl palmitate (CP) core rather than the surface of SLNS, which was beneficial to its potential applications in bioimaging. DiR-SLNS exhibited remarkable physicochemical stability as the nanoparticles maintained ~ 90% fluorescence intensity during the 10-day storage time. The correlation between fluorescence intensity and concentration was established and validated using a linear regression model. This study proposed a type of promising candidates in nano-scale with higher safety and fluorescence stability for bioimaging.