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Related Concept Videos

Cross-Sectional Research01:50

Cross-Sectional Research

In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
Group Design02:01

Group Design

The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between the two are due to...
Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity01:20

Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity

Description
Sputum culture and sensitivity is a medical procedure used to diagnose bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and select the most appropriate antibiotics for treatment. This process involves analyzing sputum samples of thick and opaque secretions produced in the lungs and airways. These samples are collected from patients and then sent to the laboratory for analysis.
The test can identify various pathogens responsible for respiratory infections, including Streptococcus,...

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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Efficient SARS-CoV-2 Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase PCR Saliva Diagnostic Strategy utilizing Open-Source Pipetting Robots
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Repeat SARS-CoV-2 testing models for residential college populations.

Joseph T Chang1, Forrest W Crawford2, Edward H Kaplan3

  • 1Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, 24 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511-6814, USA.

Health Care Management Science
|November 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Frequent SARS-CoV-2 testing and rapid isolation are key to controlling COVID-19 outbreaks in residential colleges. Even with frequent screening, high transmission rates and delays can overwhelm containment efforts.

Keywords:
COVID-19Epidemic modelProbability modelRepeat testingResidential college coronavirus screeningSARS-CoV-2

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • Residential colleges face challenges reopening during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Containing SARS-CoV-2 transmission within campus communities is crucial to prevent on- and off-campus spread.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the effectiveness of repeat SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies for outbreak containment in residential colleges.
  • To identify optimal testing frequencies and isolation protocols to minimize transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Development of mathematical models simulating SARS-CoV-2 spread in a residential college setting.
  • Inclusion of parameters such as testing frequency, test sensitivity, imported infections, and isolation delays.
  • Analysis of outbreak containment under different reproductive numbers and transmission timings.

Main Results:

  • Weekly screening is insufficient to contain outbreaks if the reproductive number exceeds 1.4 (early transmission) or 1.6 (late transmission) with daily imported exposures.
  • Screening every three days can contain outbreaks with higher reproductive numbers (up to 1.75 or 2.3) but increases false positives and isolation needs.
  • Testing frequency and minimizing the delay to isolation are the most critical factors for outbreak prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Frequent, rapid testing and isolation are essential for managing SARS-CoV-2 in residential settings.
  • Model simulations provide data to inform college reopening strategies and public health policies.
  • A web application is available for exploring various testing and containment scenarios.