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Otosclerosis in an Urban Population.

Jonathan S Choi1, Alex D Sweeney1, Ibrahim Alava2

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Otosclerosis is most prevalent in Hispanic individuals, particularly those born abroad, suggesting environmental factors, not ethnicity, influence its occurrence. This may be linked to differing measles vaccination rates historically.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Otosclerosis is a bone disease affecting the middle ear, leading to hearing loss.
  • Its prevalence and risk factors in diverse urban populations require ongoing investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of otosclerosis within a large, urban public health system.
  • To analyze demographic and geographic factors associated with otosclerosis diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 672,839 patients from January 2010 to August 2019.
  • Analysis of diagnostic data (audiometry, CT scans) and patient demographics (sex, age, ethnicity, country of birth).

Main Results:

  • 134 otosclerosis cases identified, with an overall prevalence of 20 per 100,000.
  • Hispanics showed the highest prevalence (43 per 100,000), especially foreign-born individuals (60 per 100,000).
  • Foreign-born Hispanics had a 3.69 times higher odds of otosclerosis compared to US-born Hispanics.

Conclusions:

  • Otosclerosis prevalence is significantly influenced by country of birth, particularly among Hispanic populations.
  • Environmental factors, potentially related to historical measles immunization rates, are likely drivers rather than inherent ethnic susceptibility.
  • Further research into environmental influences on otosclerosis is warranted.