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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 30, 2025

Oromucosal as an Alternative Method for Administration of Cannabis Products in Rodents
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[Nabiximols as a substitute for cannabis].

G J H Dumont1,2

  • 1Amsterdam UMC, locatie AMC, ziekenhuisapotheek, Amsterdam.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|November 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Nabiximols spray, containing tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), significantly reduced cannabis use days in a 12-week study. This cannabinoid-based treatment offers a potential new option for cannabis addiction therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Addiction research
  • Pharmacology
  • Cannabinoid science

Background:

  • Cannabis addiction is a widespread global health issue.
  • Current pharmacotherapeutic options for cannabis addiction are limited.
  • Nabiximols, a cannabis-derived medication, is being investigated for therapeutic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of Nabiximols as a substitution therapy for cannabis addiction.
  • To assess the impact of Nabiximols on cannabis use, craving, withdrawal, and general health.

Main Methods:

  • A 12-week randomized controlled trial comparing Nabiximols to placebo.
  • Participants received Nabiximols spray (2.7 mg THC and 2.5 mg CBD per spray).
  • Outcomes measured included cannabis use days, craving, withdrawal symptoms, and general health.

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Main Results:

  • Nabiximols treatment led to a significant reduction in cannabis use days (18.6 days less than placebo).
  • No significant differences were observed in general health, use of other substances, cannabis craving, or withdrawal symptoms between groups.
  • The study reported a 95% confidence interval of 3.5-33.7 for the reduction in cannabis use days.

Conclusions:

  • Nabiximols demonstrates potential as an effective substitution therapy for reducing cannabis use in individuals with addiction.
  • Further research is warranted to explore its long-term effects and impact on abstinence and other substance use.
  • Cannabinoid-based therapies may offer a novel approach to managing cannabis use disorder.