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Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.

Dihybrid Crosses

Dihybrid Crosses

Plant Tissue Culture

Plant Tissue Culture

Plant tissue culture is widely used in both primary and applied science. Applications range from plant development studies to functional gene studies, crop improvement, commercial micropropagation, virus elimination, and conservation of rare species.

Monohybrid Crosses

Monohybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...

Types of Selection

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 30, 2025

Author Spotlight: Streamlining Rice Breeding with CRISPR/Cas for Obtaining Optimal Phenotypic and Agronomic Traits

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Crop breeding - From experience-based selection to precision design.

Jie Liu¹, Alisdair R Fernie², Jianbing Yan¹

¹National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.

Journal of Plant Physiology

|November 17, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Crop breeding is essential for global food security, addressing challenges like population growth and climate change. Advances in molecular genetics are shifting breeding from phenotype-based to genome-based selection for improved crop design.

Keywords:

Crop breeding Functional genes Genome editing Knowledge-driven crop design

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Genetics
Food Security

Background:

Crops, especially cereals, are fundamental to human nutrition and industry.
Global food security is threatened by increasing populations, water scarcity, and environmental stresses.
Food insecurity has worsened, affecting hundreds of millions worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the critical role of crop breeding in ensuring food security.
To discuss the evolution of crop breeding methods.
To introduce knowledge-driven crop design as a future strategy.

Main Methods:

Review of current challenges in crop production and food security.
Discussion of advancements in molecular genetics and their impact on breeding.
Exploration of the transition from phenotype-based to genome-based selection.

Main Results:

Molecular genetics has accelerated the identification of genes controlling important crop traits.
Breeding strategies have evolved towards more precise genome-based selection.
Future crop improvement will rely on integrating multi-omics data for knowledge-driven design.

Conclusions:

Crop breeding is the most direct solution to food security challenges.
Genome-based selection offers significant improvements over traditional methods.
Knowledge-driven crop design integrating multi-omics data promises efficient crop improvement and enhanced food security.