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Emerging Treatment Options for Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Mauro Cives1,2, Eleonora Pelle'1, Jonathan Strosberg3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|November 18, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Emerging treatments for neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are expanding, including novel peptide receptor radionuclide therapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Surufatinib shows efficacy in pancreatic and extra-pancreatic NENs, while immunotherapy trials yield mixed results.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Medical Science

Background:

  • Treatment options for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and carcinomas (NECs) are rapidly evolving.
  • Early research indicates potential for alpha-emitting peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) and somatostatin receptor antagonists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in emerging treatments for neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs).
  • To summarize data on novel therapeutic strategies including PRRT, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of early-phase studies and late-phase clinical trials.
  • Evaluation of novel radiopeptides and targeted therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for surufatinib and combination immunotherapies.

Main Results:

  • Preliminary evidence supports antitumor activity of alpha-emitting PRRT and novel radiopeptides.
  • Several TKIs (lenvatinib, axitinib, cabozantinib, pazopanib) show antiangiogenic potential in NETs.
  • Surufatinib demonstrated efficacy and safety in phase 3 trials for pancreatic and extra-pancreatic NETs; immunotherapy results are mixed.

Conclusions:

  • The landscape of NEN treatment is expanding with promising new therapeutic avenues.
  • Targeted therapies like surufatinib and TKIs, along with PRRT, represent significant progress.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of combination immunotherapy in NEN management.
Keywords:
axitinibimmunotherapylenvatinibneuroendocrine carcinomasneuroendocrine neoplasmsneuroendocrine tumorspeptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT)surufatinib

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