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Related Concept Videos

Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

Drug Discovery: Overview

Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions01:15

Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions

PK–PD modeling has significantly influenced FDA regulatory decisions, particularly drug approval, dosage optimization, and labeling. These models integrate pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to predict drug behavior and effects, aiding in optimizing dosing regimens and enhancing the probability of clinical trial success.One notable example is Nesiritide (Natrecor®), a recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide for treating acute decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF).
Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...
Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...

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Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
05:10

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Published on: December 11, 2016

10.0K

Antifungal Drug Repurposing.

Jong H Kim1, Luisa W Cheng1, Kathleen L Chan1

  • 1Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antifungal drug resistance is rising, necessitating new treatments. Drug repurposing offers a promising alternative strategy for controlling fungal infections and overcoming resistance.

Keywords:
AspergillusCandidaCryptococcusantifungaldrug repurposingmultidrug resistancepan-azole resistance

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Antimicrobial Resistance
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Limited antifungal drug options and increasing fungal resistance (e.g., to azoles and echinocandins) pose significant challenges in treating fungal infections.
  • Conventional antifungals can cause cytotoxicity, affecting organs like the kidneys and liver.
  • Agricultural azole fungicides exert selection pressure, driving the emergence of pan-azole-resistant fungal strains, such as Aspergillus fumigatus with TR34/L98H mutations in the CYP51A gene.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the urgent need for novel antifungal therapies.
  • To discuss the current landscape of antifungal drug discovery.
  • To explore drug repurposing as a viable alternative strategy for combating fungal pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current antifungal drug challenges.
  • Analysis of emerging antifungal resistance mechanisms.
  • Examination of drug repurposing initiatives in antifungal therapy.

Main Results:

  • Growing resistance to existing antifungal classes (azoles, echinocandins) is a critical issue.
  • Environmental exposure to agricultural azoles contributes to the development of resistant fungal strains.
  • Insufficient pipeline of new antifungal drugs necessitates alternative approaches.

Conclusions:

  • There is an urgent requirement for the development of new antifungal drugs.
  • Drug repurposing presents a promising avenue for discovering alternative antifungal therapies.
  • Effective control of fungal pathogens requires innovative strategies beyond conventional drug development.