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Cholelithiasis in an infant with polycythemia

J S Tay1, S L Werlin

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201.

Insights

Polycythemia in infants can lead to gallstones (cholelithiasis) and jaundice (cholestasis). This study suggests polycythemia may be a newly identified cause of gallstones in infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Neonatology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Polycythemia, a condition of elevated red blood cells, is uncommon in infants.
  • Cholelithiasis (gallstones) and cholestasis (impaired bile flow) can occur in neonates but have diverse etiologies.

Observation:

  • An 11-week-old infant presented with symptoms of cholestasis.
  • Diagnostic workup revealed cholelithiasis as the cause of cholestasis.
  • The infant was also diagnosed with polycythemia.

Findings:

  • Hemolysis, a consequence of polycythemia, is hypothesized to have predisposed the infant to developing gallstones.
  • This case suggests a potential causal link between polycythemia and infantile cholelithiasis.

Implications:

  • Polycythemia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of infants presenting with cholelithiasis and cholestasis.
  • This finding may expand the known causes of gallstones in the pediatric population.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm polycythemia as a risk factor for infantile cholelithiasis.

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