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Circular Migration and Precarity: Perspectives from Rural Bihar
Amrita Datta1,2
1Department of Liberal Arts, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telengana India.
The Indian Journal of Labour Economics : the Quarterly Journal of the Indian Society of Labour Economics
|November 18, 2020
Summary
Circular migration in India is underestimated, with most migrants facing precarious work and living conditions. Disadvantaged groups experience heightened precarity, showing spatial mobility does not equate to social mobility.
Area of Science:
- Sociology
- Economics
- Migration Studies
Background:
- Circular migration in India is poorly understood and underestimated.
- Migrants often move between rural source regions and urban destinations.
- The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the vulnerabilities of migrant populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the precarious conditions of circular migrants in India.
- To investigate how social and economic hierarchies influence migrant experiences.
- To assess the relationship between spatial mobility and social mobility for migrants.
Main Methods:
- Utilized survey data from rural Bihar, a key migration source region.
- Examined migrant conditions at destination, focusing on work, income, housing, and services.
- Analyzed data stratified by social and economic groups, including Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, and the laboring class.
Main Results:
- A majority of circular migrants experience precarious work and living conditions.
- Migrants from lower social and economic strata face the harshest conditions and lowest incomes.
- Social and economic hierarchies from source regions are replicated at destinations, limiting social mobility.
Conclusions:
- Spatial mobility does not necessarily lead to social mobility for circular migrants in India.
- Migrant precarity is deeply intertwined with existing social and economic inequalities.
- Understanding the structural elements of circular migration is crucial, especially in light of crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.
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