Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Turbulent Flow

Turbulent Flow

Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent...

Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving

Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving

Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
Temperature is a key factor in CO2 solubility. In this case, the CO2 gas and the liquid are cooled to 20°C. Lower temperatures enhance...

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...

Irrotational Flow

Irrotational Flow

Irrotational flow is characterized by fluid motion where particles do not rotate around their axes, resulting in zero vorticity. For a flow to be irrotational, the curl of the velocity field must be zero. This imposes specific conditions on velocity gradients. For instance, to maintain zero rotation about the z-axis, the gradient condition:

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Patterns of blood cobalt levels after metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty, predictors of elevated levels, and associations with clinical symptoms.

International orthopaedics·2026

Same author

A steady hand in a world of turmoil.

EFORT open reviews·2026

Same author

Challenges.

EFORT open reviews·2025

Same author

Long-term outcomes of small head metal-on-metal compared to ceramic-on-polyethylene primary total hip arthroplasty: a registry-based cohort study.

International orthopaedics·2025

Same author

CORR Insights®: Does Cannabis-based Medicine Improve Pain and Sleep Quality in Patients With Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injuries? A Triple-blind, Crossover, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Clinical orthopaedics and related research·2024

Same author

CORR Insights®: No Strength Differences Despite Greater Posterior Rotator Cuff Intramuscular Fat in Patients With Eccentric Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis.

Clinical orthopaedics and related research·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Published on: February 27, 2016

EFORT Open Reviews: Turbulence.

Pierre Hoffmeyer¹

¹Editor-in-Chief, EFORT Open Reviews.

EFORT Open Reviews

|November 18, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores the impact of surgical site infections on patient outcomes and healthcare costs. Effective prevention strategies are crucial for improving patient recovery and reducing the economic burden of surgical care.

More Related Videos

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Published on: February 22, 2018

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

Published on: March 12, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Published on: February 27, 2016

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Published on: February 22, 2018

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

Published on: March 12, 2019

Area of Science:

Orthopaedics
Infectious Diseases
Healthcare Management

Background:

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a significant complication following orthopaedic surgery.
SSIs lead to increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and higher treatment expenses.
The economic impact of SSIs on healthcare systems is substantial and warrants focused attention.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the direct and indirect costs associated with SSIs in orthopaedic patients.
To evaluate the effectiveness of current SSI prevention protocols.
To identify key factors influencing SSI development and patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

A retrospective cohort study design was employed.
Data were collected from electronic health records of orthopaedic patients.
Statistical analysis was performed to compare costs and outcomes between patients with and without SSIs.

Main Results:

Patients with SSIs incurred significantly higher healthcare costs compared to uninfected patients.
SSIs were associated with a marked increase in re-operation rates and revision surgeries.
The average length of hospital stay was substantially longer for patients who developed SSIs.

Conclusions:

Surgical site infections represent a major economic burden in orthopaedic surgery.
Implementing and adhering to robust SSI prevention bundles is essential.
Further research into novel prevention techniques may reduce the incidence and impact of SSIs.