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Maize brace roots provide stalk anchorage.

Jonathan W Reneau1, Rajdeep S Khangura2, Adam Stager1

  • 1Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and the Delaware Biotechnology Institute University of Delaware Newark DE USA.

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|November 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Maize brace roots significantly improve stalk anchorage, reducing lodging. However, selection for flowering time did not alter brace root anchorage contributions, indicating their importance is independent of this trait.

Keywords:
anchoragebiomechanicsbrace rootsmaizeroot lodging

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Lodging, a mechanical failure in crops, reduces yield and quality.
  • Aerial brace roots in maize are known to reduce lodging, but their biomechanical role is unquantified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the direct contribution of brace roots to maize stalk anchorage.
  • To investigate if selection for flowering time affects brace root anchorage.

Main Methods:

  • A non-destructive field mechanical test was performed on maize plants before and after brace root removal.
  • The study analyzed a subset of Hallauer's Tusón tropical population with variation in flowering time.

Main Results:

  • Increasing brace root whorls contacting soil enhanced anchorage, but contributions varied between whorls.
  • Selection for flowering time did not change the number of brace root whorls or their anchorage contribution.
  • Maize brace roots provide a rigid base, limiting plant deflection.

Conclusions:

  • Brace roots are critical for maize stalk anchorage and lodging resistance.
  • Flowering time selection does not influence the biomechanical contribution of brace roots to anchorage.