Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses01:25

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

104
A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...
104
Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

146
Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
146
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

118
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
118
Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations01:23

Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations

82
Nomograms and tabulations are vital tools used by clinicians to design accurate and individualized dosage regimens. These instruments provide a straightforward method for adjusting dosages based on individual patient characteristics, including age, weight, and physiological condition. The foundation of a drug's nomogram is population pharmacokinetic data collected and analyzed using specific models. This data simplifies complex equations, presenting them diagrammatically or tabularly for easy...
82
Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods01:21

Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods

118
Determining the optimal dose size and dosing frequency in pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This article explores the methodologies employed in determining these parameters, focusing on their significance and interplay to tailor dosing regimens.Dose Size: Dose size refers to the amount of a drug administered in a single dose. It is determined based on the drug's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties and...
118
Dose-Response Relationship: Overview01:03

Dose-Response Relationship: Overview

4.5K
Agonists can bind with and activate receptors, resulting in the formation of drug-receptor complexes. Once formed, these complexes catalyze many biochemical processes at the cellular level and subsequently induce a pharmacologic response. The degree of response is directly proportional to the fraction of activated receptors, which in turn, depends on the concentration of the drug at the receptor site as well as the sensitivity of the receptor. An increase in the administered dose contributes to...
4.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical study design and modeling approaches to study secretion of drugs in human milk.

Frontiers in pediatrics·2026
Same author

Treprostinil Minimizes Ischemia-reperfusion Injury of Liver After Circulatory Death Donation-Evidence Using Normothermic Machine Perfusion.

Transplantation·2026
Same author

Pharmacokinetics and preliminary data on safety of meloxicam subcutaneous extended-release formulation in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Frontiers in veterinary science·2026
Same author

Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Isavuconazole and Rifabutin in a Real-World Setting.

Mycoses·2026
Same author

Psychometric evaluation of the opiate dosage adequacy scale: reliability and convergent validity among non-European Spanish-speaking buprenorphine patients.

Frontiers in psychiatry·2025
Same author

Will Pig Organ Xenotransplantation in Patients Complicate the Use of Commonly Administered Drugs?

Xenotransplantation·2025
Same journal

Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation to Support the Regulatory Submission of the Two-Injection Start Regimen with Aripiprazole Once-Monthly Long-Acting Injectable Intramuscular Administration in Japanese Patients with Schizophrenia or Bipolar I Disorder.

Journal of clinical pharmacology·2026
Same journal

External Evaluation of Population Pharmacokinetic Models for Factor VIII in Chinese Patients with Hemophilia A.

Journal of clinical pharmacology·2026
Same journal

How to Replace the TQT Study-The Use of Concentration-QTc Modeling to Exclude a Small Effect of a Novel Drug on QT Interval: Historical Perspective and Implementation.

Journal of clinical pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Genome Sequencing Enhances Precision and Clinical Utility of Pharmacogenetic Data Compared to Arrays.

Journal of clinical pharmacology·2026
Same journal

FDA Gene Therapy Approvals (1998-2025): Current Status, Regulatory Evolution, and Future Directions.

Journal of clinical pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Human Disposition, Metabolism, and Excretion of Sevasemten (EDG-5506), a Selective Modulator of Fast Myosin in Healthy Volunteers.

Journal of clinical pharmacology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Positron Emission Tomography-based Dose Painting Radiation Therapy in a Glioblastoma Rat Model using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform
07:57

Positron Emission Tomography-based Dose Painting Radiation Therapy in a Glioblastoma Rat Model using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform

Published on: March 24, 2022

3.0K

Model-Informed Dose Optimization in Pregnancy.

Nupur Chaphekar1, Steve Caritis2, Raman Venkataramanan1,3

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
|November 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling aids in understanding drug pharmacokinetics during pregnancy. This approach helps guide safe and effective drug dosing adjustments for pregnant women, addressing limited clinical data.

Keywords:
PBPKPopPKdrug exposurepregnancy

More Related Videos

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
08:34

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Published on: February 6, 2019

20.8K
Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
06:20

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

7.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Positron Emission Tomography-based Dose Painting Radiation Therapy in a Glioblastoma Rat Model using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform
07:57

Positron Emission Tomography-based Dose Painting Radiation Therapy in a Glioblastoma Rat Model using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform

Published on: March 24, 2022

3.0K
Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
08:34

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Published on: February 6, 2019

20.8K
Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
06:20

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

7.5K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Toxicology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Pregnancy induces physiological changes impacting drug pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics.
  • Limited data exists on drug PK/PD in pregnant populations due to study challenges.
  • Accurate drug dosing is crucial for maternal and fetal well-being during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling in guiding drug therapy during pregnancy.
  • To highlight PBPK modeling as a strategy to address data gaps in drug pharmacokinetics in pregnant women.
  • To explore how PBPK models can inform necessary drug dose adjustments in pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pharmacokinetic modeling in pregnancy.
  • Focus on physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approaches.
  • Integration of physiological, preclinical, and clinical data within PBPK frameworks.

Main Results:

  • PBPK modeling offers a robust method to predict drug PK changes during pregnancy.
  • This modeling strategy can quantify alterations in drug exposure across different physiological states in pregnancy.
  • PBPK models provide a basis for recommending specific dose adjustments for medications used by pregnant individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a valuable tool for optimizing drug therapy in pregnancy.
  • PBPK modeling can help overcome limitations of traditional PK studies in pregnant populations.
  • This approach supports evidence-based dosing recommendations, enhancing drug safety and efficacy during gestation.