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Related Concept Videos

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Dimensions of Health and Illness01:21

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The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
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Rethinking Categories and Dimensions in the DSM.

James Phillips1

  • 1Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
|November 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study examines how diagnostic categories and dimensional measures are used to classify psychopathology. It argues that refining these approaches requires balancing scientific validity with practical clinical utility.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Psychology
  • Philosophy of Science

Background:

  • Psychopathology classification relies on symptom-based diagnostic categories.
  • These categories face challenges like comorbidity and unclear boundaries.
  • Dimensional measures are increasingly used to refine diagnoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the interplay between diagnostic categories and dimensional measures in psychopathology.
  • To evaluate efforts in improving diagnostic validity and incorporating dimensional approaches.
  • To propose a framework for guiding these refinements based on philosophical pragmatism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and current approaches to psychopathology classification.
  • Analysis of the integration of dimensional measures into diagnostic manuals.
Keywords:
categoriesdimensionspsychiatric diagnosispsychopathology

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  • Application of philosophical pragmatism principles (Peirce, James, Dewey) to guide the process.

    • Main Results:

    • Diagnostic categories, while imperfect, are refined through empirical validation.
    • Dimensional measures offer a complementary approach to address limitations of categorical systems.
    • Philosophical pragmatism provides a framework for evaluating scientific and clinical aspects.

    Conclusions:

    • Improving psychopathology classification requires a pragmatic approach.
    • Both scientific validity and clinical utility are essential for effective diagnostic refinement.
    • Future classification efforts should integrate categorical and dimensional perspectives guided by empirical evidence and practical consequences.