[New developments in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease]

Interstitial lung disease is a frequent complication of systemic sclerosis and has now become the leading cause of death in this disorder. It mainly occurs during the first five years after the diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. Various risk factors are associated with the occurrence of interstitial lung disease, including the presence of anti-topoisomerase I antibodies (Scl-70) and the diffuse cutaneous form of systemic sclerosis. The most common radio-pathological presentation is nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, followed by usual interstitial pneumonia. The classical immunosuppressive treatment of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease is evolving, as recent studies suggest a beneficial effect of biological agents such as rituximab and tocilizumab, and antifibrotic drugs such as nintedanib.