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Mammographic Screening in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: A Critical Analysis of Its Promotion, Claimed Benefits,
Shaymaa AlWaheidi1, Klim McPherson2, Iain Chalmers3
1Cancer Epidemiology, Population and Global Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Purpose:
To critically review the evidence and opinions expressed about mammographic screening (MS) in research reports on breast cancer in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) and to assess whether benefits and harms in MS are presented in a balanced way.
Methods:
Searches of PubMed, Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and gray literature identified 14 eligible research reports relating to the oPt. We reviewed these documents and then used a thematic analysis to describe and analyze the evidence and the opinions about MS expressed in them.
Results:
All 14 research reports mentioned that MS would improve survival rates in the oPt. Only three gave information on major harmful effects, and only two emphasized that MS must be accompanied by effective treatment to have any beneficial effects on population mortality. There was no consistency in the recommended frequency of MS.
Conclusion:
Most information presented by Palestinian health researchers was selective and failed to address the important established harms of MS. Thus, calls to support MS in the oPt are not based on a measured discussion of the risks and benefits for women or grounded in the systemic readiness of health care necessary for its effectiveness. As long as diagnostic and treatment facilities remain deficient, screening cannot lead to reduced mortality from breast cancer.
