Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

25.0K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
25.0K
Determining the pH of Salt Solutions04:08

Determining the pH of Salt Solutions

46.0K
The pH of a salt solution is determined by its component anions and cations. Salts that contain pH-neutral anions and the hydronium ion-producing cations form a solution with a pH less than 7. For example, in ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution, NO3− ions do not react with water whereas NH4+ ions produce the hydronium ions resulting in the acidic solution.  In contrast, salts that contain pH-neutral cations and the hydroxide ion-producing anions form a solution with a pH greater than 7. For...
46.0K
Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

69.5K
Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
69.5K
Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

2.2K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
2.2K
Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor

35.8K
Colligative Properties of Electrolytes
The colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one...
35.8K
Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

24.2K
Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
24.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effect of ipratropium bromide on the interfacial organization of model lung surfactant membranes.

Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces·2026
Same author

Effects of interfacial hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions on the adsorption and foaming properties in saponin mixtures.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2026
Same author

Protein Adsorption Kinetics on Silica: Theoretical Modeling and Experiments.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same author

Multiscale insights into fibroblast growth factor 23 adsorption on polyelectrolyte layers: From molecular properties to biointerfaces.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

Mechanism of ribonucleoprotein low complexity domain molecule oligomerization: Experimental investigations and theoretical modeling.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

Synergistic Effect of Paclitaxel and Epirubicin Coadministration─Insight into the Mechanisms of Interactions with Model Breast Cancer Cell Membranes.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

A Micro-agar Salt Bridge Electrode for Analyzing the Proton Turnover Rate of Recombinant Membrane Proteins
08:09

A Micro-agar Salt Bridge Electrode for Analyzing the Proton Turnover Rate of Recombinant Membrane Proteins

Published on: January 7, 2019

9.2K

Myoglobin molecule charging in electrolyte solutions.

Piotr Batys1, Małgorzata Nattich-Rak, Zbigniew Adamczyk

  • 1Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland. ncbatys@cyf-kr.edu.pl ncadamcz@cyf-kr.edu.pl.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|November 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular dynamics simulations reveal ion concentration profiles and electric potential around myoglobin. Effective protein charge is lower than predicted, vanishing under physiological conditions.

More Related Videos

T-wave Ion Mobility-mass Spectrometry: Basic Experimental Procedures for Protein Complex Analysis
16:40

T-wave Ion Mobility-mass Spectrometry: Basic Experimental Procedures for Protein Complex Analysis

Published on: July 31, 2010

25.0K
Multi-analyte Biochip MAB Based on All-solid-state Ion-selective Electrodes ASSISE for Physiological Research
08:03

Multi-analyte Biochip MAB Based on All-solid-state Ion-selective Electrodes ASSISE for Physiological Research

Published on: April 18, 2013

17.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 29, 2025

A Micro-agar Salt Bridge Electrode for Analyzing the Proton Turnover Rate of Recombinant Membrane Proteins
08:09

A Micro-agar Salt Bridge Electrode for Analyzing the Proton Turnover Rate of Recombinant Membrane Proteins

Published on: January 7, 2019

9.2K
T-wave Ion Mobility-mass Spectrometry: Basic Experimental Procedures for Protein Complex Analysis
16:40

T-wave Ion Mobility-mass Spectrometry: Basic Experimental Procedures for Protein Complex Analysis

Published on: July 31, 2010

25.0K
Multi-analyte Biochip MAB Based on All-solid-state Ion-selective Electrodes ASSISE for Physiological Research
08:03

Multi-analyte Biochip MAB Based on All-solid-state Ion-selective Electrodes ASSISE for Physiological Research

Published on: April 18, 2013

17.6K

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Myoglobin's charge and ion interactions are crucial for its function.
  • Understanding protein electrostatics is key in biological systems.
  • Previous models often oversimplified protein-ion interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine ion concentration and electric potential profiles of myoglobin.
  • To calculate surface and zeta potentials under various conditions.
  • To validate theoretical models with experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • All-atom molecular dynamic modeling.
  • Non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) approach.
  • Electrophoretic mobility measurements.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed significant counter-ion penetration into myoglobin.
  • Quantitatively described electric potential distribution.
  • Calculated surface and zeta potentials, showing effective charge reduction.
  • Validated PB model for acidic pH; non-electrostatic forces explain deviations at higher pH.

Conclusions:

  • Effective charge of myoglobin is significantly lower than nominal, vanishing under physiological conditions.
  • The developed model can predict charging mechanisms for other proteins (e.g., SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins) and pH-responsive particles.