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External Focus in Long Jump Performance: A Systematic Review.

Geovani Messias da Silva1, Maria Eduarda Crescencio Bezerra2

  • 1Federal University of Ceará.

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External focus, which guides movement by focusing on environmental outcomes, enhances long jump performance. This learning method is effective compared to traditional execution-focused instructions.

Keywords:
constrained action hypothesisecological approachholistic focusimplicit learninginternal focus

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Motor Learning
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • External focus directs attention to environmental outcomes, contrasting with internal focus on body movements.
  • Understanding external focus's impact on athletic performance, specifically the long jump, is crucial for optimizing training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of external focus on long jump performance.
  • To compare external focus with other motor learning strategies in the long jump.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review was conducted using databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Cinahl, and Scopus.
  • Searches covered articles published between January 2010 and June 2020, with rigorous inclusion/exclusion criteria applied.
  • 13 relevant studies were selected for the final review.

Main Results:

  • External focus instructions in long jump practice were consistently associated with improved performance outcomes.
  • Studies indicated that external focus can be more effective than internal focus or traditional instruction methods.
  • The review synthesized findings on how environmental cues enhance motor skill acquisition in the long jump.

Conclusions:

  • External focus is a valuable and effective approach for learning and improving long jump technique.
  • This strategy can be readily integrated into coaching practices to enhance athlete development.
  • Further research could explore specific environmental cues most beneficial for long jump mastery.