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Task-based functional connectivity in aging: How task and connectivity methodology affect discovery of age effects.

Eleanna Varangis1, Christian G Habeck1, Yaakov Stern1

  • 1Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

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|November 19, 2020
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Summary

Healthy aging impacts brain network organization, but the effect of age on functional connectivity varies significantly depending on the specific cognitive task performed. This highlights task-dependent aging effects in the brain.

Keywords:
agingcognitionfMRIfunctional connectivity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging
  • Brain Network Analysis

Background:

  • Healthy aging alters brain network organization and function.
  • Previous research focused on resting-state or single-task functional connectivity.
  • Limited systematic examination of age-related functional connectivity changes across diverse in-scanner tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how aging affects functional brain connectivity across various cognitive tasks.
  • To determine if age-related changes in functional connectivity differ based on cognitive domain (vocabulary, processing speed, fluid reasoning, episodic memory).
  • To explore the relationship between functional connectivity metrics and behavioral performance during cognitive tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Included healthy adults aged 20-80.
  • Assessed functional connectivity using 11 in-scanner tasks across four cognitive domains.
  • Measured connectivity via network correlations, system segregation, and graph theory metrics (global efficiency, modularity).

Main Results:

  • The impact of age on functional connectivity metrics varied by task.
  • Age effects were more consistent during fluid reasoning tasks.
  • Episodic memory tasks showed less pronounced age-related effects on functional connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Aging generally correlates with reduced connectivity, segregation, and efficiency.
  • The magnitude of age-related changes in brain networks is task-dependent.
  • Task-specific network alterations are linked to behavioral performance across cognitive domains.