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EGFR and anti-EGFR nanobodies: review and update
Jafar Sharifi1, Mohammad Reza Khirehgesh1, Fatemeh Safari2
1Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran.
Abstract:
Targeted therapy is one of the favourable methods used in cancer treatment. Several recombinant proteins and small-molecules used for this aim include monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments and peptides. Nanobody (Nb) is a camelid antibody fragment that is very effective in targeted therapy. Recently, several anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) Nbs have been developed and utilised for diagnosis and therapy of EGFR overexpressing tumours. Anti-EGFR Nbs are used in drug delivery systems, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and/or conjugated to other molecules such as quantum dots (QDs), nanoparticles, liposome, tumour penetration peptides, neural stem cells (NSCs) and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T cells). In this review, we discussed the structure and function of EGFR and Nb, the current status of EGFR targeting, and recent developments in anti-EGFR Nbs. To gain sound insight into the issue at hand, we focused on the most powerful anti-EGFR Nbs.
Insights
Nanobodies (Nbs) are effective antibody fragments for targeted cancer therapy. This review highlights recent advancements in anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Nbs for diagnosing and treating EGFR-overexpressing tumors.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology
- Oncology
- Immunology
Background:
- Targeted cancer therapy utilizes recombinant proteins and small molecules, including antibody fragments and peptides.
- Nanobodies (Nbs), derived from camelids, are highly effective antibody fragments for targeted therapy.
- Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a key target in several cancer types.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the structure and function of EGFR and Nbs.
- To discuss the current landscape of EGFR targeting strategies.
- To highlight recent developments and applications of anti-EGFR Nbs in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on nanobody technology and EGFR signaling.
- Analysis of studies utilizing anti-EGFR Nbs in various therapeutic and diagnostic contexts.
- Synthesis of information on the conjugation of anti-EGFR Nbs with other modalities.
Main Results:
- Anti-EGFR Nbs show significant potential in targeted cancer therapy and diagnosis.
- These Nbs are versatile and can be integrated into drug delivery systems, photodynamic therapy, and conjugated to nanoparticles, quantum dots, and cell-based therapies.
- Recent developments focus on enhancing the efficacy and delivery of anti-EGFR Nbs.
Conclusions:
- Anti-EGFR Nbs represent a promising frontier in precision oncology.
- Their adaptability allows for diverse applications in multimodal cancer treatment strategies.
- Further research into anti-EGFR Nbs will likely yield novel therapeutic and diagnostic tools.
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