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How do clusters in phase-separating active matter systems grow? A study for Vicsek activity in systems undergoing

Subhajit Paul1, Arabinda Bera2, Subir K Das2

  • 1Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O, Bangalore 560064, India. das@jncasr.ac.in and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Leipzig, IPF 231101, 04081, Leipzig, Germany.

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Summary

Active matter simulations reveal that self-propulsion dramatically accelerates cluster growth during vapor-solid phase transitions, shifting from diffusive to ballistic aggregation mechanisms. This finding impacts understanding of active particle systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Vapor-solid phase transitions are fundamental processes studied in various physical systems.
  • Active matter, composed of self-propelled particles, exhibits unique collective behaviors distinct from passive systems.
  • Understanding cluster formation and growth is crucial for characterizing phase transitions in active systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of self-propulsion on the kinetics of vapor-solid phase transitions.
  • To compare cluster growth mechanisms in an active matter model with its passive counterpart.
  • To elucidate the role of particle activity on cluster structure and dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to model the active matter system.
  • The Vicsek model was used to introduce self-propulsion into the particles.
  • Simulations compared the behavior of active particles with the passive limit of the model.

Main Results:

  • Self-propulsion significantly accelerates cluster growth compared to the passive case.
  • Active cluster growth follows a ballistic aggregation mechanism, contrasting with the diffusive mechanism in passive systems.
  • A growth law for active clusters was derived and explained by considering particle velocity and cluster structure.

Conclusions:

  • Self-propulsion fundamentally alters the growth dynamics of clusters during vapor-solid phase transitions.
  • The Vicsek activity promotes rapid, ballistic-like aggregation, leading to distinct morphologies.
  • The findings provide insights into the physics of active matter and phase transitions, with relevance to active Brownian particle models.