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Updated: Nov 29, 2025

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Environmental Factors Involved in Maternal Morbidity and Mortality.

Abee L Boyles1, Brandiese E Beverly2, Suzanne E Fenton2

  • 1Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Journal of Women'S Health (2002)
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PubMed
Summary

Environmental exposures during pregnancy impact maternal health, increasing risks for immediate and long-term conditions. Reducing these exposures is crucial for both maternal and infant well-being.

Keywords:
air pollutionendocrine-disrupting chemicalenvironmental exposuresmaternal healthwindow of susceptibility

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Reproductive Health
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Nongenetic, environmental factors, including chemical exposures, significantly contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality.
  • Pregnancy is a sensitive period where physiological changes heighten susceptibility to environmental chemicals, affecting long-term maternal health.
  • Nonchemical stressors and disproportionate exposures in racial/ethnic minorities exacerbate health disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the impact of environmental factors on maternal health outcomes.
  • To underscore the importance of identifying and reducing environmental exposures for pregnant women.
  • To emphasize the link between environmental stressors and both immediate and long-term maternal health issues.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological studies linking environmental exposures to adverse maternal health outcomes.
  • Analysis of mechanistic studies demonstrating how chemicals affect biological pathways.
  • Examination of the interplay between chemical and nonchemical stressors.

Main Results:

  • Environmental stressors are linked to immediate maternal health issues like hypertensive disorders, fibroids, and infertility.
  • Long-term maternal health impacts include increased risk of breast cancer and metabolic disorders.
  • Disproportionate exposures contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in maternal health.

Conclusions:

  • Reducing environmental exposures during pregnancy is vital for preserving maternal short- and long-term health.
  • Environmental health interventions can mitigate risks for adverse maternal outcomes.
  • Addressing environmental factors is key to improving maternal health and reducing disparities.