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Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification
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Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication - Pakistan, January 2019-September 2020.
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
|November 19, 2020
Summary
Pakistan faces a surge in wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) cases. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted vaccination efforts, necessitating intensive campaigns to control polio transmission.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Pakistan and Afghanistan remain the last endemic countries for wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1).
- WPV1 cases in Pakistan significantly increased in 2019 and continued in 2020, with transmission expanding to new regions.
- An outbreak of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) emerged in 2019, causing numerous paralytic cases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report on Pakistan's progress in polio eradication efforts from January 2019 to September 2020.
- To highlight the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on polio vaccination activities.
- To outline strategies for controlling WPV1 and cVDPV2 transmission.
Main Methods:
- Review of WPV1 and cVDPV2 case data reported in Pakistan.
- Analysis of polio supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) and essential immunization delivery.
- Assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on polio eradication programs.
Main Results:
- WPV1 cases rose sharply in 2019 and continued into 2020, spreading from core reservoirs.
- cVDPV2 outbreak caused significant paralytic cases in 2019 and 2020.
- COVID-19 pandemic severely hampered polio vaccine delivery and SIAs between March and July 2020.
Conclusions:
- Pakistan's polio program has resumed SIAs but faces challenges controlling WPV1 and cVDPV2 surges.
- Intensive, high-quality vaccination campaigns are crucial for polio eradication.
- Strategic use of oral poliovirus vaccines (OPVs) is essential to combat widespread poliovirus transmission.
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